Diseño de una escala de medición sobre el ambiente de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la práctica clínica de los residentes en formación

Abstract

Antecedentes: La formación de los especialistas médico-quirúrgicos (residentes) se realiza en hospitales, expuestos a diferentes ambientes de aprendizaje, donde se ven involucrados activamente en los procesos de atención de los pacientes. El conocimiento sobre este ambiente dual de aprendizaje y trabajo es fundamental para identificar oportunidades de mejora con miras a optimizar la calidad y efectividad de la formación académica y la actividad asistencial. Objetivo: Construir una escala que mida la percepción del ambiente de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la práctica clínica de los residentes de especialidades médico-quirúrgicas.

The training of residents in hospitals involves the care of patients. Knowing this environment, optimizes the quality and effectiveness of both academic and healthcare. Objective: To design a scale that measures the perception of the teaching and learning environment in the clinical practice of residents of medicalsurgical specialties. Materials and methods: Quantitative descriptive study. A Likert-type scale was designed, following the steps of the AMEE guide “Developing Questionnaires For Educational Research”: 1. Review the literature; 2. Review the Colombian regulations; 3. Synthesize reviews; 4. Develop the items, 5. Perform the appearance validation by experts and 6. Apply the questionnaire. Results: The EAPRAC scale was constructed. Initially it consist of 46 questions, however, after the appearance validation, it was reduced to 39 items distributed in seven domains: academic processes, teachers, service-teaching agreements, welfare, academic infrastructure, healthcare infrastructure, organization and management. The scale was applied to 20 residents, after this, it was not necessary to refine the quantity or adjustments of the items.Conclusions: The scale has validity of appearance by experts and by residents. This, and its theoretical bases allow the instrument to perform its content and reproducibility validity.