Evaluation of Platelet Rich Fibrin Obtained Using Different Centrifugation Parameters as a Tool for Regenerative Medicine

Abstract

Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a biomaterial widely used in the field of regenerative medicine. The purpose of this work was to analyze the structure and biomolecular characteristics of PRF through nine centrifugation parameters (CP) for its preparation, using a pool of blood samples of five volunteers. Methods: The PRF obtained was analyzed by morphological and histological characteristics, as well as electronic and atomic force microscopy and growth factors determinations. Results: A longer time of centrifugation showed taller clots and denser mesh fibrin in comparison with a short time (p < 0.05). The protocols with higher speed of centrifugation showed higher levels of PDGF-BB and VEGF. Higher levels of TGFβ1 were found in protocols with a shorter centrifuge time. The mean platelet count (916.05 ± 23.73 cells x 103 cells x cm3) and its roughness (Ra) (616.5 ± 45.2 nm) did not show significant differences between different CP (p > 0.05). A significant correlation between fibrin density and levels of PDGF (r = 0.57) and VEGF (r = 0.52) was found. Additionally, the size of the clot had a significant correlation (r = -0.47) with TGFβ1 levels. Conclusions: Different centrifugation parameters to obtain PRF have been reported. These results indicate that changes in the conditions to obtain PRF have a significant impact on their fibrin structure, cellular distribution, and biomolecular content, which can be decisive for its choice in the different clinical applications to be used. It is necessary to use a standardized centrifuge and protocol to guarantee high-quality PRF and clinical outcomes with less variability.