Efectos agudos de la inducción miofascial ® en la fascia toracolumbar sobre la movilidad y actividad mioeléctrica lumbopélvica en adultos sanos

Abstract

La inducción miofascial ® es una técnica usada en fisioterapia cuyo objetivo es el restablecimiento del sistema fascial por la eliminación de restricciones y compresiones en el mismo sistema, presenta una creciente relevancia disciplinar por sus efectos benéficos en la movilidad tisular y articular, además en la instauración de patrones motores más eficientes y coordinados . El objetivo del estudio fue evidenciar los efectos agudos en la movilidad articular y la actividad mioeléctrica de la musculatura paraespinal y la fascia toracolumbar en adultos sanos posterior a la inducción miofascial ® comparado con el grupo placebo que recibió la simulación de la técnica y la aplicación de corriente electroterapéutica puntual.

Background and objectives: Myofascial release is a technique used in physiotherapy whose objective is to restore the fascial system by eliminating restrictions and compressions in the same system presents a growing disciplinary relevance due to its beneficial effects on tissue and joint mobility, in addition to the establishment of more efficient and coordinated motor patterns. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the acute effects on joint mobility and myoelectric activity of the paraspinal musculature and thoracolumbar fascia in healthy adults after myofascial induction compared to the placebo group, which achieved the simulation of the technique and the application of punctual electrotherapeutic current. Materials and methods: Randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial with 45 participants aged 18 - 52 years with no medical history, the intervention group with 23 participants received myofascial induction in the paravertebral musculature and the control group with 22 participants received a placebo intervention. Lumbopelvic mobility was evaluated through photogrammetry and myoelectric activity with surface electromyography in the pre intervention, post intervention and follow up phases one hour after the intervention. Results: A single application of myofascial release on thoracolumbar fascia of the experimental group, presented changes in the variables of FDC and EDC that were statistically significant with a p <0.05. On the other hand, the between-group analysis showed that the immediate changes and the follow up intervention were not statistically significant. Regarding myoelectric activity, experimental within-group analysis neither has statistically significant changes nor comparison with the control group. Conclusions: The superiority of myofascial release over sham could not be demonstrated, but statistically significant differences were found in the photogrammetric variables of the experimental group. The results showed a decrease in the myoelectric activity of the spinal muscles, however they were not statistically significant and none of the changes were maintained over time.