Análisis técnico y económico para la confiabilidad estructural de puentes vehiculares mediante monitoreo presencial versus monitoreo electrónico en tiempo real

Abstract

En el mundo las interconexiones viales son de suma importancia ya que de esto depende gran parte del desarrollo económico y social de los países, estas conexiones se relacionan directamente con una infraestructura o superestructura por lo cual la importancia de mantenerlas en buen estado, por esto, en el tráfico terrestre, la falla de un puente genera la interrupción total del tráfico de bienes en su superficie, generando incalculables pérdidas materiales y sociales mientras se restituye el flujo vehicular. (García, Ospina Giraldo, & Graciano, 2014) Problema como el enunciado en el parrafo anterior se hace evidente en Colombia ya que el mantenimiento de puentes vehiculares no cuenta con una directriz confiable para lograr identificar el momento adecuado de ejecución en obras de mantenimiento y/o rehabilitación con el fin de evitar mayores deterioros o en su defecto colapsos de estas estructuras. Contamos aproximadamente con una cantidad de 3.440 puentes vehiculares en el país, razón importante para priorizar el estado tanto las superestructuras como infraestructuras.

In the world, road interconnections are of great importance since a large part of the economic and social development of countries depends on them. These connections are directly related to an infrastructure or superstructure, which is why the importance of maintaining them in good condition, and therefore, in land traffic, the failure of a bridge generates the total interruption of the traffic of goods on its surface, generating incalculable material and social losses while the flow of vehicles is restored. (García, Ospina Giraldo, & Graciano, 2014) A problem such as the one mentioned in the previous paragraph is evident in Colombia, since the maintenance of vehicular bridges does not have a reliable guideline to identify the appropriate moment to carry out maintenance and/or rehabilitation works in order to avoid further deterioration or collapse of these structures. There are approximately 3,440 vehicular bridges in the country, which is an important reason for prioritizing the state of both superstructures and infrastructure. Monitoring of this infrastructure is possible through the use of technology. The analysis of these structures, over time has become an important and rapidly growing area of research that is attracting the interest of researchers and government agencies related to the maintenance and safety of different types of structures such as buildings, bridges, etc., in order to allow their operation or schedule their recovery or removal. Civilian structures frequently suffer damage during their service life, this damage is due to several factors such as: corrosion, degradation of columns, beams and the impact of foreign objects. (Amezquita, 2012) With this work we want to show private and state-owned companies, owners of existing and future vehicular bridges in the country, that it is possible to optimize costs with the knowledge of the state of the vehicular bridges and thus be able to act at the right time, and then be able to execute the maintenance and/or rehabilitation works required at the appropriate time, Currently, this monitoring is carried out in person, with the help of civil engineers who are structural specialists and who have the autonomy to determine when the structures require attention, either for testing or for intervention.