Environmental Influence on Adolescent Resilience Development in Medellin Colombia

Abstract

Objetivo: conocer la influencia del ambiente (funcionalidad familiar, apoyo social y ambiente barrial y escolar) en el desarrollo de la resiliencia de los adolescentes.

Métodos: diseño descriptivo, correlacional. Participaron 184 adolescentes de seis colegios de la comuna Aranjuez de Medellín. Muestreo probabilístico, bietápico. Para recolectar los datos, se aplicaron cinco escalas: 1) la escala child and youth resilience measure; 2) el cuestionario de ambiente barrial; 3) la escala de evaluación de cohesión y adaptabilidad familiar; 4) la escala multidimensional de apoyo social percibido; y 5) el cuestionario de ambiente escolar. Los datos se procesaron con el software SPSS 24v.

Resultados: se encontró una relación entre la resiliencia y el ambiente barrial (rs = .324, p = .000), funcionalidad familiar (rs = .380, p = .000), apoyo social (rs = .456, p = .000) y ambiente escolar (rs = .353, p = .000). Además, la resiliencia fue explicada en un 35,8 % por el ambiente barrial (β =.20; p =.012), la funcionalidad familiar (β =.13; p =.090), el apoyo social (β =.30; p =.000) y el ambiente escolar (β =.15; p = .064).

Conclusión: la conducta resiliente de los adolescentes es influenciada por el apoyo social, la funcionalidad familiar y el ambiente escolar y barrial, factores externos que favorecen la autorregulación, como lo menciona Roy en su modelo de enfermería.

Objective: To know the influence of the environment (family functionality, social support and neighbourhood and school environment) on the development of adolescent resilience. Methods: Descriptive, correlational design. A total of 184 adolescents from six schools in the Aranjuez district of Medellín participated. Probabilistic, two-stage sampling. Five scales were used to collect data: 1) The child and youth resilience measurement scale; 2) The neighbourhood environment questionnaire; 3) The family cohesion and adaptability assess-ment scale; 4) The multidimensional scale of perceived social support; and 5) The school environment questionnaire. Data were analysed though SPSS 24v software. Results: a relationship was found between resilience and neighbourhood environment (rs=.324, p=.000), family functionality (rs=.380, p=.000), social support (rs=.456, p=.000) and school environment (rs=.353, p=.000). In addition, resilience was explained in 35.8% by the neighbourhood environment (β=.20; p=.012), family functionality (β=.13; p=.090), social support (β =.30; p=.000) and school environment (β=.15; p=.064). Conclusion: Adolescent resilient behaviour is influenced by social support, family functioning, and school and neighbourhood environment, all external factors fostering self-regulation, as mentioned by Roy’s Nursing model.