Efectividad de un programa basado en la integración sensorial y el uso de pictogramas para el desempeño ocupacional de un niño con síndrome de X Frágil, un estudio de caso

Abstract

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la efectividad de un programa de intervención basado en la integración sensorial y el uso de pictogramas, desde el área de Terapia Ocupacional, en el desempeño ocupacional de un niño de 7 años de edad con diagnóstico de Síndrome X Frágil. Para el desarrollo de este estudio se tuvo en cuenta una metodología de estudio de caso único de un niño portador de Síndrome X Frágil, diagnosticado por la especialidad de Genética, por medio de un examen sanguíneo que verificó la presencia de la mutación en el cromosoma. Como instrumentos de recolección de la información se usaron el Perfil Sensorial-2, la Escala Abreviada del Desarrollo adaptada desde la Terapia Ocupacional, la observación informal al desempeño, entrevista semi-estructurada a padres y la Escala de Logro de Objetivos GAS (Goal Attaiment Scale).

The present research work aims to analyze the incidence of an intervention program based on sensory integration and the use of pictograms from the Occupational Therapy area in the occupational performance of a child diagnosed with Fragile X Syndrome. For the development of this study, a single case study methodology was taken into account of a child with Fragile X Syndrome diagnosed by the specialty of genetics through a blood test that verified the presence of the mutation in the chromosome; as instruments for collecting the information, the Sensory Profile-2, the Abbreviated Development Scale adapted from Occupational Therapy, informal observation of performance, semi-structured interview with parents and the Goal Attaiment Scale – GAS, were used. In this way, to evaluate how the porcess takes place, 6 principal objectives were established taken out from to the scale of achievement of objectives, these indicators were used to evaluate what was proposed in this study to see if the child could improve on his occupational performance. The results clearly show the contribution of the application of the scale on the changes in the child under the study. Despite the short time of intervention, progress was observed in the proposed objectives. Additionally, a structured intervention model oriented by a professional is generated, involving sensory integration and the use of pictograms, which raises the objectives to an evaluating professional and finally shows the achievements in the child occupational performance.